Women During The World War - 1394 Words

The 1950s is an era remembered for the Cold War, communism, and June Cleaver. Most historians, if asked about this period, will mention the ‘Red Scare’ and the fight to stop the pervasive reach of communism in post-war America. Most feminists will recall the iconic image of June Cleaver and the detrimental effect this perfect housewife had on the women’s movement after the massive employment of women during the Second World War. Often forgotten and missing from the pages of history are the millions of women who were ostracized and subjected to discrimination based upon their sexuality. These women lost federal jobs, their military careers came to a halt, and, in some cases, were blacklisted from applying for civilian jobs. Not only were these women forced to overcome gender inequality in order to support themselves in the workforce, they were also ostracized by society and endured unending discrimination from the government and police on the basis of their se xuality. In the face of this tremendous cultural pressure these women carved their own communities and lives out on the edges of the social order. The pervasive fear of homosexuals in the 1950s bred an era of anti-gay legislation that greatly contributed to the horrific discrimination against lesbians and the development of a lesbian subculture. This fear, known as the Lavender Scare, led to a severe climate of oppression for the emerging lesbian subculture following the Second World War. As a result of medicalShow MoreRelatedWomen During The World Wars2016 Words   |  9 Pages During the course of both the World Wars, women had proven themselves to be worthy of the ‘elite’ group; men, of that time period. They had done this by commencing a sequence of work that needed to be carried out while the men were absent. However, some may argue that the women merely replaced the men and did nothing more but others believe that they had done even more than what was required of them as well as replacing them. The series of sources are propagated puzzles which have been aired recentlyRead MoreWomen And Women During World War 2878 Words   |  4 PagesIn society, men and women serve different task. Usually men do the heavier work, while women do smoother work. Women have a difficult time due to the fact that most men think that women are property, rather than a person. Therefore, women came to the conclusion that they do not want to follow the norm anymore because they know what they are capable of. The term feminism can be defined as women who want to be in the same level of equality in political, economic, and social as men are. Although manyRead MoreWomen And Women During The World War I886 Words   |  4 PagesA million Australians, both men and women, served in the Second World War. Half a million were stationed overseas. They fought in campaigns against Germany and Italy in Europe. The Australian homeland came under direct attack with aircraft bombings by the Japanese in north-west Australia. All citizens at this point were encouraged to be apart of the war effort, even children under the age of five. Over 30,000 Australian servicemen were taken prisoner by the Japanese and Germans in 1942. The men thatRead MoreWomen During World War II1534 Words   |  7 PagesDuring World War I, women stayed at home, aided the Red Cross, and volunteered with churches and civic groups to collect donations. Women s roles in World War II challenged the traditional roles of homemaker and caregiver. Women took on a more active role in the milit ary and held positions alongside men. They were trusted with more responsibilities and offered more freedom than they had during the First World War. Women held more traditional roles in comparison to World War II when women took onRead MoreWomen During World War II1059 Words   |  5 Pages Women during World War II In the past, WWII and WWI, women were very dominant; they had to take care of their children, do all the chores and also had to cook the food. During WWII, women had to take place for the men (First world war.com). The war changed the life for all Canadian women. When men went to fight, women were called upon to fill their jobs, and this included many jobs that were previously thought of unsuitable for women. Women were called up for war work fromRead MoreWomen During World War II Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages1941 was the day when America declared war, but it was also the years following that women had the chance to show their patriotism in a way they never had before; working outside of their homes. World War II was a chance to contribute to what was needed most, the war efforts. In a dire situation that is War, women moved from their homes help the America for the better of society and their husbands off at war. Before the War Prior to World War II women were seen as house wives, taking careRead MoreWomen During World War II1674 Words   |  7 PagesIn World War II, women contributed in many ways by entering the battle. Some of the jobs the women held were Army nurses, Red Cross members, factory work, etc. The United States were one of the few countries that put their women to work and was ridiculed for it. In 1948, President Truman signed the Women s Armed Services Integration Act which authorized regular and reserve status for women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. These women showed true leadership by becoming leaders in battleRead MoreWomen During World War II1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe beginning of World War II saw Australians see war on their shores for the first time, as well as having to travelling overseas to fight another war. It required young men to leave their country to fight, this affected the women who were left behind. World War II started in 1939 and ended in 1 945. World War II was a large world conflict. During this world conflict Australia was under the threat of attack for the first time. When the war started there was a lack of man power on the home front whichRead MoreWomen During World War Two904 Words   |  4 PagesI think a lot of women said, Screw that noise. Cause they had a taste of freedom, they had a taste of making their own money, a taste of spending their own money, making their own decisions. I think the beginning of the women s movement had its seeds right there in World War Two. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s quote clearly illustrates the significance of women in the workforce during World War Two and the feelings women may have felt. World War II was crucial for women in the workforce becauseRead MoreWomen During World War II1450 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and war have always been considered to have little in common. As the gentle sex, women are traditionally associated with the care and creation of life rather than with its destruction. However, over the past twenty years, women have increasingly served, and continue to serve, with valor and integrity in the Unites States Armed Forces (Kamarack, 2015). Although women have successfully proved themselves in the military, they should be restricted from entering into direct combat because they are

Essay on Homers Odyssey Foreshadowing the Homecoming

The Odyssey:nbsp; Foreshadowing the Homecoming nbsp; The majority of the Odyssey is an account of Odysseus’ adventures trying to reach his homeland of Ithaka. Several of these adventures are false homecomings, the most prominent of which is his imprisonment on Kalypso’s island. This false homecoming is strikingly different from what one would expect of Odysseus’ real homecoming, but similar enough for parallels to be drawn between the two. Homer uses this false homecoming to foreshadow Odysseus’ true homecoming. Throughout the Odyssey, Homer presents the reader with certain clues about what Odysseus feels his homecoming should (but not neccessarily will) be like. First of all, Odysseus wants to return to Ithaka. Homer goes as†¦show more content†¦5, ln. 73-4). This residence is fit for a man of Odysseus’ standing. Odysseus also wants to return to a land without conflict. Kalypso and her deserted island offer peace. Furthermore, Kalypso, †¦singing inside the cave with a sweet voice as she went up and down the loom†¦ (Bk. 5, ln. 61-2), is reminiscent of Penelope. Odysseus wants to return to a good, faithful wife—Kalypso presents herself as the perfect domestic partner to win Odysseus’s favor. So, Kalypso’s island offers comfort, a sense of family, and familiarity. These aspects meet Odysseus’s general requirements for a homecoming, but fail in the specifics. Homer is using this false homecoming as a foreshadowing of the true one, in which all the specifics will be met. First, Kalypso and her island offer all the comforts of Odysseus’s home, but merely at the physical level. Kalypso does not offer civilization the way Odysseus thinks of civilization. Civilized lands and people offer hospitiality. When Telemachos asks Menelaos permission to leave his house and return home, Menelaos replies: Telemachos, I for my part never will long detain you here when you strain for home. I would disapprove of another hospitable man who was excessive in friendship, as of one excessive in hate (Bk. 15, ln. 68-71). Initially, Kalypso appears to be a good hostess. When Odysseus attempts to leave and she forcibly detains him, Kalypso begins her pattern inhospitality. When Odysseus actually does return

My First Job Free Essays

My First Job I got my flirt job at sixteen because my parents required it. However, I had no intention of getting a job and wanted to continue being a teenager where I had little responsibility. As I looked around my hometown for a job, I found that there were not a lot available. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Job or any similar topic only for you Order Now I finally was able to find a Job close to my house at a local Dairy Queen working for minimum wage. Now that I had a Job I had to make decisions in time I spent between friends, athletics, and now work. Having a job gave me another outlook on life. It taught me about the importance of money and the consequences of my financial decisions. It also helped me to understand the control I needed on the flow of my finances and along the way taught me many life lessons. The first day of my Job was November 1 lath, 2012 and I was dreading It. I had heard stories of how terrible working In fast food Is and I had no Idea what to think. As I arrived on I had mixed feelings of fear and excitement. Dressed In khaki shorts and a Dairy Queen polo I walked in to my first job. I was greeted with smiles and friendly remarks such as good morning. The manager explained where I would be working and told me to wash my hands. As I walked to the grill area, where I would be working at, I saw a very clean and well-kept station. My co-workers were all nice and very helpful. As the shift came too close I realized that maybe this wouldn’t be as bad as everyone had said. I quickly learned basics of the grill and picked up a few tricks along the way. I learned the precise time to pull the fries out, how to properly cook a chicken sandwich, and to constantly be stocked. Being stocked was a key factor In success cause I never knew when a team bus would pull up and I would get very busy. I remember coming to the end of a busy shift and talking that didn’t seem Like SIX hours. The slow shifts were terrible because I wouldn’t have anything to do and the hours would drag by. The first conflict I ever had at work came during a busy day in the summer. I was working the grill and we were slammed. There were a couple of softball fields down the road and they had held a tournament earlier that day. Was working hard trying to fill the orders in a timely manner when I heard someone yell about us not working cast enough. I found that really disrespectful to my co-workers and me because we were working very hard. Now no matter how long I wait for food at a restraint I never complain because I understand how hard It can get. After I had been a Dally Queen for a few weeks I was scheduled a closing shift. This being my first Job I had no idea what to expect. When my first closing shift neared the end and I knew I was In for a long night. Firstly, we were not allowed to start closing until the last customer left the store and that wasn’t until about ten enormous. There was no washing machine in this store so every dish was to be washed by hand and there were around 100 dishes. The sweeping of the restaurant had to be perfect and if there was a crumb left it would have to be redone. That first closing shift I did not leave the store until midnight. I learned to dread those closing shifts and only ever tried to schedule day shifts. I went on to spend 5 months at Dairy Queen but as my financial necessity grew I knew it was time for me to move on. I appreciated the opportunity the company had given me and the knowledge they provided me. When I turned in my two-week notice it was met with sorrow and well wishes. I realized in those last two weeks I took great pride in my work and enjoyed it more then before. My last day was filled with good-byes to my co-workers who now had become my friends. As I clocked out my last time I realized that I never wanted to work in the fast food industry again. The explicit work I did at Dairy Queen was preparing food and maintaining the fryers. The implicit work I did was making the food faster without making mistakes. When closing though my explicit and implicit work changed. Then my explicit work was to wash dishes and sweep the floors. My implicit work was to wash the dishes quickly and efficiently sweeping up the dirt and trash. At times I liked my Job and there were other times I disliked it. I liked that as a teenager I was able to pay for my own gas and also have some money if I wanted to buy something. I also liked it because it gave me a sense of responsibility because the people at my Job were counting on me to show up for my shifts. But I also didn’t like my Job because I would sometimes miss out on hanging out with my friends cause I had to work. I picked up a few skills during my time at Dairy Queen such as how to make an ice cream cone, responsibility, patience, and appreciation. The one that I liked the most was how to make a perfect ice cream cone. The second skill that I acquired at Dairy Queen was responsibility. I had to have responsibility in showing up on time for my shifts, keeping my area clear of debris, keeping my hands sanitary, and keeping my food items well stocked. I learned to have more patience with customers because in the food industry customers can get bit nasty. Finally I learned to appreciate what employees working in fast food do. My first Job really changed my life in many ways. It gave me the opportunity to be financially responsible and to learn to manage my finances. It also taught me quite a few life lessons and ways I could improve myself in a work place atmosphere. I also was able to use it as a resume builder and I use my manager as a reference for other jobs. My first Job may not have been the best but I will use it as a tool for the future and will continue to build on what it taught me. How to cite My First Job, Papers

Types of Problem The Case of Esther Osei †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Types of Problem Case of Esther Osei. Answer: Introduction: Relevant essay mainly states the problems that were faced by Esther Osei, while repairing a loan of 6,000. The essay directly state the different types of problems that could be faced by an individual of adequate agreement review are not conducted by the loan taken. The case of Esther Osei is a good example, where individuals should adequately check the loan documents before taking any kind of decisions. Relevant cases of frauds also discussed in the essay, which help in highlighting the unethical measures used by loan companies to increase the interest rate. Lastly, the overall evaluation of the Esther Osei case is been conducted. The overall AC also helps in identifying the relevant issues from the case study which could directly help future loan receiver to make adequate decisions. These issues identified from the case could eventually reduce the high interest rate loan Agreement that was conducted by loan providers. Discussion: The overall debt of 6,000 directly grew to 116,000 due to the negligence of Esther Osei in conducting relevant agreement with Broadwick Financial Services. Firstly, Esther Osei Mili borrowed the loan of 6,000 only because of the need for her father's funeral and to buy a cooker for her Clayton home (News 2017). However, there were relevant repayment issues that could be seen from the situation. The overall debt of Esther Osei was out of control due to the high end interest rates claimed by Broadwick Financial Services. Esther Osei mainly stated that loan providing agent came to her and directly provided the loan, where Esther Osei did not even look at the agreement and took the money for a father's funeral. this decision is mainly considered by Esther Osei one of the worst of its kind, which directly altered her future life. There were many instances where Esther Osei had complaint in court regarding the problems faced by thefinance providing company (Chapman and Lounkaew 2015). In addition, there two to three instances where both Broadwick Financial Services and Esther Osei faced in court due to the non payment of loan instalments. there was a certain system used by Broadwick Financial Services, missing out of instalment payments could directly impose more Surcharges and penalties on to the loan amount.This directly increased the loan amount exponential.Moreover, the non payment of interest was also being charged as an interest to the borrower. This directly increased the overall debt of 6,000 to astonishing 116,000 in 18 years. Moreover, it was claimed by Esther Osei that interest rates on the loan was not disclosed adequately to her while discussing for the alone requirement (Moss et al. 2015). This non disclosure of interest rates is relatively problematic in nature, where individuals are not able to identify the actual amount that needs to be paid for the borrowed amount. This mainly increased void in repayment instalments, which directly increased the loan amount of Esther Osei. Esther Osei after seeing the loan amount raised to 116,000 approached North Manchester Law Centre for a settlement. this mainly included irrelevant hearings and discussions with the loan provider, where a deal was cut between Broadwick Financial Services and Esther Osei.This deal when he stated that loan amount could be reduced from 116,000 to the amount offer of the house and an additional 5,000. This mainly helped Esther Osei for reducing the loan amount substantially with the help of North Manchester Law Centre (Schiantarelli, Stacchini and Strahan 2016). The main issue that could be identified from the evaluation of Esther Osei Case is identified as below. Negligence in part of loan receiver: The main issue that could be identified from the case is the negligence that was conducted on part of the loan receiver. Due to personal problems and financial need drove Esther Ose to neglect the overall reading of loan agreement, where the loan provider has increased overall interest rates and provided certain clause in the agreement. This negligence on the part of Esther Ose mainly hampered her future existence in UK, as in the current scenario she needs to sell her house and pay the loan amount to the financing company. ONeill, Dhareshwar and Muralidhar (2017) stated that relevant news has been circulating all over the world where loan providers manipulate the loan Agreement to increase the interest rates and the profitability. This negligence on the part of loan received as directly increased the loan amount from 6,000 to 116,000. Moreover, the loan receiver also neglected the fact that major legal actions could be taken by the loan provider as legal documents have been in there custody. Currently, Esther Ose reached out to North Manchester Law Centre, which helps in reducing the overall loan payments from 116,000 to the amount offer house and an additional 5,000.This overall settlement of the loan could have been done way before than 18 years, which could have reduced the overall loan payments of Esther Ose and saved her house. Lack of information clarity by loan provider: The second issue that was identified from the case study was mainly the Lack of clarity that was provided by the loan provider. There was an agent of Broadwick Financial Services, who seeing the opportunity of getting a loan borrower directly pitched her the loan process. However, the agent of Broadwick Financial Services was not clearly mentioning about all the requirements in the loan process, which included the high interest rate imposed on that loan. Even the spokesperson of North Manchester Law Centre claimed that Esther Osei Should have read the loan Agreement before signing up, as the interest rate was drastically higher than normal rates. This forced Esther Osei to miss out loan repayment, which accumulated in time and came to an astonishing amount of 116,000 after 18 years. Therefore, from the evaluation of the case study it could be understood that loan providers are conducting business, where each and every document needs to be read before entering into any kind of agreeme nt. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (2017) stated that payday loans have astonishing interest rate of 7000 percent on most of the loans provided to the customer. This mainly indicates that loan providers are not providing all the relevant information regarding the loan agreement to the loan receiver (Bozick and Estacion 2014). Actions taken by finance providing company: There were different types of actions that were taken by thefinance providing company, among which there was no ethical actions taken by Broadwick Financial Services. The company did not ask its financial advisor regarding the steps taken in providing all the relevant information regarding interest rates to Esther Osei. This action mainly states that the company knew about the interest rates and wrongly charged its loan borrowers. In a Press interview North Manchester Law Centre urged loan borrowers of Broadwick Financial Services to look into the interest rates that have been charged by the organisation (Zhang, Tsao and Chen 2014). This mainly states that the organisation is well known for its unethical measures in hiding the interest rates in the loan agreements. The second action that was taken by Broadwick Financial Services was requirement for the payment of 116,000 from Esther Osei with a weekly payment of 75. This will mainly take Esther Osei around 242 years to pay the overal l loan amount. There is no consideration conducted on the part of Broadwick Financial Services, where it directly claimed the house of Esther Osei. Long time taken to provide relevant decisions: The last issue that was found from the case of Esther Osei and Broadwick Financial Services was the overall time taken for an adequate decision. The decision taken by Esther Osei and Broadwick Financial Services mainly came after 18 years, which directly increase the overall interest on loan amount, which in turn raise the loan instalment. There were many instances where Esther Osei was not able to pay the instalment amount, where relevant actions needed to be taken by the financing company. However, in the 18 years there was some hearing involved, which resulted is no adequate action. This mainly forced Esther Osei to approach North Manchester Law Centre Follow settlement, which could help in reducing the excessive loan amount which was accumulated in 18 years. The decision of settlement could have been conducted by Esther Osei much sooner, which could help in saving her house. Mann (2015) mentioned that relevant court actions are taken on loan providers who increase the interest ra tes without noticing the loan receivers. Therefore, it was relatively high time for Esther Osei to make the adequate decision and reduce the loan amount from 116,000 to the amount offer of the house and an additional 5,000. Recommendation for Loan receivers After the evaluation of the case study, there are relevant actions that need to be taken by loan receivers before signing into any loan Agreement. The overall interest rates that is imposed by the loan provider needs to be identified which is essential for detecting the actual loan repayments conducted by the individual.However, in case of Esther Osei the interest rate rules to 30% and a total interest rate of 18 years was around 102%. This mainly states that identifying the actual interest rates is compulsory for all the loan receivers. The second measures that needs to be used by the loan receiver is the determination of actual interest payment that is conducted after the repayment of loan. This could eventually help in identifying the minimum instalment payments that needs to be conducted by loan receivers (Cornelius and Frank 2015). The third measure that needs to be taken by the loan receivers is the charges and surcharges that is imposed if any instalment as missed out. The det ermination of the charges for instalment miss out would eventually help in identifying the extra penalties that needs to be conducted when loan instalments are not paid. This could eventually help in reducing the unethical measures that could be taken by loan providers Conclusion: Evaluation of the overall case study mainly helps in identifying the Actual problems that is faced by individuals taking loan from loan providers. The fine lines used in the agreement directly helps in identifying the relevant unethical measures that is taken by loan providers. There have been several cases in USA and UK, which could directly help in identifying the problems related to debt accumulation. Therefore, the case of Esther Osei directly depicts the relevant problems that are faced by individual taking loans without reading the fine lines in the agreement. The loan of 6,000 in 18 years grew to 116,000, which only indicates that relevant interest rates were not disclosed to the individual, Therefore, it is advisable to evaluate the loan Agreement before signing, as it might help in identifying any kind of unethical measures taken by the loan provider. References: Bozick, R. and Estacion, A., 2014. Do student loans delay marriage? Debt repayment and family formation in young adulthood.Demographic Research,30, p.1865. Chapman, B. and Lounkaew, K., 2015. An analysis of Stafford loan repayment burdens.Economics of Education Review,45, pp.89-102. Cornelius, L.M. and Frank, S.A., 2015. Perspectives on Student Loan Debt Levels: Student Loan Debt Levels and Their Implications for Borrowers, Society, and the Economy.Educational Considerations,42(2), p.5. Mann, R.J., 2015.Payment Systems and Other Financial Transactions, Cases, Materials, and Problems. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Moss, T.W., Neubaum, D.O. and Meyskens, M., 2015. The effect of virtuous and entrepreneurial orientations onmicrofinance lending and repayment: A signaling theory perspective.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(1), pp.27-52. News, M. (2017).How 6000 loan became a 116,000 debt. [online] men. Available at: https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/how-6000-loan-became-a-116000-1035792 [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. ONeill, J., Dhareshwar, A. and Muralidhar, S.H., 2017. Working Digital Money into a Cash Economy: The Collaborative Work of Loan Payment.Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW),26(4-6), pp.733-768. Schiantarelli, F., Stacchini, M. and Strahan, P.E., 2016.Bank quality, judicial efficiency and borrower runs: Loan repayment delays in Italy(No. w22034). National Bureau of Economic Research. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. (2017).Payday loans companies charging up to 7,000% experience huge growth. [online] Available at: https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2013-09-05/payday-loans-companies-charging-up-to-7-000-experience-huge-growth [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Zhang, Q., Tsao, Y.C. and Chen, T.H., 2014. Economic order quantity under advance payment.Applied Mathematical Modelling,38(24), pp.5910-5921.

Marketing Simulation Essay Example Essay Example

Marketing Simulation Essay Example Paper Marketing Simulation Essay Introduction Orange experienced a very successful campaign and grew more profitable over the six quarters throughtout the Market Simulation. In terms of market share in comparison to the competition, we placed fourth holding 12 percent market share. We initially targeted the Mercedes market, and later developed products aimed at the Traveler and Workhorse clientele. In terms of profitability, we suffered a loss moving from Quarter 1 to Quarter 2, which is typical of most early-stage companies. However, each quarter thereafter we were able to maintain a profit, ending with $18,270,122 gross profit and $15,232,910 operating profit. Our six computer models are the driving factor behind such success. These models include The Motherboard, Babyboard 2. 0, Horseboard, Superboard, Toddlerboard, and The Ponyboard. The Superboard, out of all the models, was our most profitable device with $6,303,840 in profit. We also embarked on a major expansion endeavor, spreading our brand originally from Chicago to Pa ris, Shanghai, and Sao Paulo. Our knowledgeable sales force comprised of 60 individuals, coupled with our extensive advertising and competitive pricing allowed Orange to rise to the top. By the end of the Marketplace Simulation, Orange was in first place for cumulative total performance, accounting for a variety of business disciplines that contributed to our success. While we placed third in the simulation in terms of overall financial performance, we placed first overall for market performance and marketing effectiveness. Brand Design: Over the course of the six quarters, we made varying adjustments to our brands in order to keep up with the ever-changing competitive markets. Marketing Simulation Essay Body Paragraphs In Quarter 2, we decided to enter the Mercedes market with The Motherboard computer. Specifically, this brand was designed to be the top of the line product that suited all the most important needs of Mercedes. Some of these needs included a fast and powerful processor, the ability to link with other computers, and a machine that is capable of multitasking (Fig 1. 1). We figured that starting out in the highest-end market would be beneficial to creating a good name for our company, and then we would be able to trickle down throughout the other brandstarget market segments. Our results from Quarter 2 showed that we were successful with The Motherboard, as we possessed 46 percent of the market share for Mercedes. In Quarter 3, we introduced The Babyboard to the Traveler market segment. We designed our product to match the best-suited brand for Traveler, which was SwifTech’s Quickfly. We were slow to expand from our original two brands, and lost some of our momentum with our Quar ter 4 decisions. When we got our results, we realized that we needed to introduce more brands in order to keep up with the highly competitive markets. Quarter 5 marked our first Quarter quarter of rapid expansion. We introduced an additional product lines to Mercedes and Traveler, and created our first unit product for Workhorse. The new product lines for Mercedes and Traveler, The Superboard and The Toddlerboard respectively, were the higher quality versions of the The Motherboard and the The Babyboard. They , which were enhanced with all of the necessities and priced slightly higher than the original lines. Our initial brand for Workhorse was the The Horseboard, and it possessed the most basic features at the lowest price, to appeal to a consumer who was looking for something simple to use. We continued the trend of making two slightly varied products for each market segment in Quarter 6 when we introduced the The Ponyboard to supplement a slightly lower-end product than the The H orseboard. Sales Design Strategy: The sales design strategy of Orange was based primarily on the customer’s (Workhorse, Mercedes and Traveler) needs and wants. This consisted of the top eight preferences in either a laptop or a desktop, and the top six segments of applications. Additionally, each of the target market’s priceprices willing to pay is are shown in (Fig 1. 2). Initially, Orange felt it was most appropriate to choose to target the Mercedes market in Chicago. This allowed for The Motherboard to be produced, which led to 46 percent% domination in only the Mercedes market. Unfortunately overall Orange only had a 12 percent% overall market share, and felt it was necessary to expand into the portable laptop industry of Traveler with The Babyboard 2. 0, and opened a plant in Paris. By Quarter 3, the market size had reached 10,000 customers, which allowed for expansion in the cities of Shanghai and Sao Paulo, and the last target market of Workhorse. The generous r ebates were attractive to the target audience, and allowed for the introduction of The Horseboard, The Superboard, and The Toddlerboard. By Quarter 6, a total of 60 sales people had been employed, and due to the overall low prices of the products, as well as the rebates, Orange gained a 2 percent% market share. Financial Performance: Throughout these first phases of our company, Orange has created a positive financial pattern. While we implemented an aggressive growth strategy and expanded our empire internationally, we kept our costs to a minimum. Naturally, we started Quarter 2 with a deficit due to startup costs. Unlike most companies, our costs were controlled however, and we were only behind by just over $12,000. As advertising has always been a core competency of our company, we spent a total of $109,471 developing and promoting our first batch of advertising. The leasing costs and office spaces were kept to a minimum in the first two quarters as well, since we were only opera ting out of one location. As we moved into the Quarter 3, we expanded internationally and our rental costs increased. However, our sales skyrocketed as well. We had begun to turn a profit, and were in the black by $1,155,328. In Quarter 4, we continued the pattern of financial growth, and maintained an increase in sales. Again, we were fiscally conservative and attempted to keep costs to a minimum (Fig. 1. 3). An important component of Orange’s financial history is the profitability of each brand we sell (Fig 1. 4). Our first line, The Motherboard, dedicated to the top-tier consumer, introduced us to the marketplace. We turned a profit of $922,344 throughout all six quarters. This is a modest percentage of our empire, yet it accounts for the beginnings of our financial gain. Our most profitable brand, The Superboard, generated $6,303,840. We invested a lot of time and capital in the creation of this line, and it paid off. The ToddlerbBoard, HorsebBoard, and PonybBoard were al l profitable as well, with over one million made from each. Financially, only one of our lines performed less well than we had hoped. Our second line, The Babyboard 2. 0 only generated $452,198. Unfortunately, we were unable to sell a high number of these units, and the cost of goods sold was very high in comparison. In the end, each of our brands was able to generate profits. Our conservative fiscal policy allowed enough room for growth without spending more than we could handle. Finally, our revenues continued in a positive direction throughout every quarter, and we are confident the future will play out in the same way (Fig 1. 5). Competition: In the computer market, competition is very fierce. Thus, our company had to constantly position itself to be able to compete with the other companies in the market. To this end, we opened our first sales office in Chicago, hoping that our knowledge of the American marketplace would aid us in capturing a large initial market share. This pla n was successful and put us near the top in overall performance in the computer market. From this point, our company decided that in order to continue our success, we needed to examine the competition to find out what we were doing right, what we were doing wrong, and how we could improve. This plan enabled us to better understand what customers wanted without having to invest heavily into producing prototypes, because we were able to utilize other company’s products and sales numbers as though they were test products. Our first major interaction with our competition came in Quarter 4our fourth Quarter of operation. We introduced our The Babyboard product for the Traveler segment in our third QuarterQuarter 3 of operation. We made the mistake however, of not considering the Traveler segment’s desire for the computer to be fun to use. We discovered this issue by examining our competitor’s products and finding that all competitors that were more successful than us had included games with their product. Despite the increased costs of production and the cost of redesigning our brand, profits for the The Babyboard nearly doubled the next qQuarter (Fig. 1. 6). We also looked to our competition to determine our expansion plans. We realized immediately that with such fierce competition, the first mover advantage would be crucial. Thus, we expanded as quickly as possible by opening sales offices in every possible location. We also handled competition by expanding into every market segment, eventually offering a product for all segments of the market. Our company felt that this strategy would ensure that even if the competition would overtake us in one area, we would be able to survive on the strength of our other products while we figured out how to react. This strategy ultimately served our company well, as we were the top overall performer in the computer market. Conclusion The results of the past six quarters have clearly shown that Orange has m et its primary goals and exceeded expectations, becoming one of the most consistent and profitable companies in the industry. By using a conservative fiscal policy as well as an aggressive and competitive expansionary policy, we have seen Orange grow and become a stable company that is definitely worthy of further investment. To put it into a more detailed perspective, the way we dealt with competition, brand management, sales strategy, and our financials, was what brought us to the top and remains the reason we plan on becoming even more profitable in the near future. By starting in the Mercedes market, we were able to establish ourselves early as a company that promotes high-end, top quality products. This made it extremely easy in the future to expand to the other brands such as Traveler and Workhorse, since we were already best known for our superior products, that we have constantly updated to satisfy the ever changing consumer demands. By using this strategy, we were eventuall y able to generate enough revenue to expand to four different areas of the world, making our brands even better known and reaping most of the first mover advantages. However, this idea alone was not sufficient to achieve the revenues that we experienced over the past few quarters. Additionally, we knew that for our company to be profitable, we needed to get our name out there. This is why our strategy was to hire a large amount of sales people in each country, and invest a large sum of our operating capital in advertisements that would appeal to the wants and needs of specific target markets. Though we have experienced relative success the past six quarters that have propelled us to the top of the industry in overall performance, we are owhere near complacent. With the competition so fierce and the landscape of the technological environment constantly changing, we feel that we are prepared to respond to any competitive and technological pressures that we might have to face in the fu ture. Our company has been the model company in terms of consistency and financial growth and we feel as though our results so far have proven that Orange is a safe investment that will provide lucrative returns in the future. Figure 1. 1 Figure 1. 2 Figure 1. 3 Figure 1. 4 Fig 1. 5 Fig 1. 6 We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

social stratification essays

social stratification essays I believe that much of the story represented a definition of what the truth really is behind a war story. The narrator really fixated much of his attention toward different stories in which he experienced within the war, saying that his stories are all true. OBriens narrative explains that a storyteller has the power to shape their listeners experiences, as well as opinions. Much in the same way that the war distorts the soldiers perceptions of right and wrong, OBriens story distorts our perceptions of beauty and ugliness. OBrien tells Curt Lemons death as a love story. Even though many of the events, that were talked about throughout the story seemed to be very sad, and gloomy, OBrien describes the scenery around Curts death as something beautiful, focusing on the sunlight rather than the actual death, and sorrow. To the audience the story of Curts death may seem sad, and depressing. When OBrien begins to describe the beauty of the sunlight during Curts death, and does not really bring much attention to the fact that his good friend had just died, the audience can really no longer understand what is considered to be beauty, and what is ugly within a war story. Thinking of Curt Lemon, OBrien concludes he must have thought the sunlight was killing him. We can see that OBrien wishes he could get the whole story right, to explain exactly the way the sunlight seemed to gather Curt and carry him up in the air. He wanted us to see and believe what Curt must have seen as his final truth, or even his destiny. The idea of OBrien focusing on the beauty of the sunlight, and no so much the ugliness of Curts death, becomes even more evident when OBrien and Dave Jensen climb up the trees to throw down the various body parts of Curt Lemon. Throughout the whole time they are up in the trees, the two of them never even talk about the blood, or destr...

RESEARCH PAPER Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Paper Example 1). Typically, overweight and obesity is caused by unbalanced diet, such as eating fast food that has a high level of fat, failure to eat fruits and vegetables, frequent drinking of alcohol, as well as eating a large amount of food among other factors. Research shows that early obesity increases the risk of experiencing cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, as well as a high blood sugar. It is on this background that a large number of Americans continue to embrace the healthy diet. While Americans found the organic food difficult to access and expensive in the past, in the modern world, an increasing number of Americans are moving away from the American traditional food to the natural food (healthy food); this include the organically grown food, including fruits, vegetables and other unprocessed foods that contain low levels of fat. This paper focuses on discussing the most popular eating trends in the modern US culture; specifically, the paper will pay attention to the cultural food transition that is experienced in the modern American society and its significance among citizens. Though, there is still a dramatic rate of consuming fast and junk food in America, an increasing number people are understanding the positive effect of healthy meal. In its annual â€Å"food trends† report, Forbes magazine included items such as â€Å"gluten free† food, â€Å"healthier kids meals† and â€Å"veggies calorie†, which indicate the growing tendency towards natural and, thus, healthier eating (Gerhard par. 2) The healthy food increasing impact on peoples life, habits and way of thinking can be also noticed from the position of culture. Culture is usually defined as a system of beliefs, habits and ways of thinking, experience, and knowledge of a particular nation. One of the main elements of any culture is food. However, culture is not a sustainable phenomena but continually changing process. Today an increasing

Editing a babysitting biography I wrote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Editing a babysitting biography I wrote - Essay Example Since childhood, I have had a special liking for the children. Being the elder sister, I have always taken good care of my younger siblings and have been a great helping hand for my mother. I have acquired the degree of Associate in Child Development (CDA). I am certified in CPR & FIRST AID. In the capacity of a certified CDA, I have worked as a Child Care Provider Assistant in a family day care center, where I babysat children for almost 7 years. I am currently doing my Associate Degree in Psychology and will graduate in the winter of 2011. I am quite fluent in English and Spanish. I am an energetic, fun-loving, punctual, reliable and friendly lady who loves and enjoys working with kids and families. I have taken care of infants, toddlers, and pre schoolers. I also have many available references. I used to charge $12-14 an hour depending upon the location in which the service was to be given. The test I have given as a babysitter comprises such activities as preparing, serving meals to the children in an appetizing way and feeding them, bathing and dressing some children while assisting the untrained children in taking bath and dressing up, changing the children’s diapers, planning activities for them and designing curriculums in accordance with the individualistic needs of different age groups. I am a born babysitter. It is not something I have adopted as a profession. It was meant to be like that since my nature has fundamentally been structured that way. I love my profession and am positive that I can take excellent care of children.

Change and Development in the English Language22 Essay

Change and Development in the English Language22 - Essay Example However, later this practice was reversed. At the end of Late West Saxon era there were again changes made to the vowels structure. Vowels were usually lengthened in open syllables (13th century), except when trisyllabic laxing would apply. Remaining unstressed vowels merged into //. (IPA transcription text of text 174-Late Saxon english , Last line last word). Similary in the S. Midland era, further changes to the vowels were made. The changes in vowels in this era is known as "Great Vowel Shift. The changes in Great Vowel Shift were that all long vowels raised or diphthongized. /a/, //, /e/ become //, /e/, /i/, respectively. (IPA Transcription text 174-S.Midland English, 1st line second word) ,//, /o/ become /o/, /u/, respectively. (IPA Transcription text 174-S.Midland English,5th line 1st word), and also /i/, /u/ become /i/ and /u/, later /ai/. Apart from changes in vowel, the other main change was Changes in Diphthong. Inherited height-harmonic diphthongs were monophthongized by the loss of the second component, with the length remaining the same. // and // became // and //. (as appeared throughtout in IPA transcription text of text 174-Late Saxon english for e-g in the first line second word second alphabet). In S. Midlands Loss of most remaining diphthongs. Like /ou/ (and former /u/, merged into /ou/ in Early Middle English) became /o/ and /ei/ became /e/ after the shift causing the long mid mergers. (as appeared in IPA transcription Text 174 S Midlands, 4th line 8 word) There were also changes made in Syllables which was first step of transition towards the development of modern English. In Late-West Saxon era, there was Middle English open syllable lengthening: Vowels were usually lengthened in open syllables (13th century), except when trisyllabic laxing would apply (as discussed in the vowels part. In S.Midlands there was a Loss of // in final syllables. How many different dialects of english and prnounciation do we hear nowadays. All these were part of development of English from Late West Saxon Era and S.Midland's era. The major pronounciation that took place in Late West Saxon era was Voiced fricatives became independent phonemes through borrowing and other sound changes and /sw/ before back vowel becomes /s/; /mb/ becomes /m/. (as in Sword and lamb became sord and lam in pronounciation). In the S.Midland era, there were some pronounciation changes as well. This era is marked by the development of some the common accents including some in Northern England, East Anglia, South Wales. Thus, the development of English has a history to tell. It has seen thousand of years of development before it has come in its modern form. It has become a common language because it is a mixture of many languages particulary German and who knows how many other languages had played their part in its development. English, at first was difficult but it was more towards the German. But as the times passed various changes like Changes in Vowels , Diaphtongs, and Syllables made it easy to read, write and speak. Thus, due to this progress, changes and development of English, we see it today as a language of common-culture and people from different parts of the World use it as their means of communication. References : Wikipedia.com

Characteristics of capitalist society

Characteristics of capitalist society Introduction According to Ian McIntosh (1997), Marx and Weber are on converse edges on the topic of capitalism. Weber considers developed capitalism, the essence of rationality since capitalists chase earnings in eminently reasonable ways therefore reasonable demeanour carries the expansion of capitalism. Whilst Marx assertions that it failed to rendezvous the rudimentary need of most people; that is utilizing goods/services to make a earnings at the end of the enterprise period. For Weber, capitalism is equal to the pursuit of earnings via continuous reasonable capitalistic enterprises. Weber thus sees up to date capitalism as being distinguished by the buying into and re-investment of little capital back into the output method and not by unlimited greed. His recount of the bureaucracy, nearly parallels Marxs notions of capitalist humanity in that, its structure was a hierarchical one much like the bourgeoisie at the peak with the proletariats at the bottom. Macionis states that Industrial capitalism appeared as the legacy of Calvinism (Macionis, 1998). Weber accepts as factual that Calvinist outlook on a predestined eternity provoked Calvinists to understand experienced prosperity as a signal of Gods grace. Anxious to come by this reassurance, Calvinists chucked themselves into a quest of achievement, applying rationality, control and esteem and hard work to their tasks. As they reinvested their earnings for larger achievement, Calvinists constructed the bases of capitalism (Macionis, 1998). According to Macionis, Weber utilised these traits to differentiate Calvinism from other world religions. Catholicism, the customary belief in most European nations provided increase to other worldview of life, with wish of larger pay in the life to come. For Catholics, material riches had no one of the religious implication that inspired Calvinists, and so it was Weber who resolved that developed capitalism became established mainly in localities of Europe where Calvinism had ? powerful hold. Whilst there was unending argument between these two academic ideas, it is apparent thatboth examined capitalism as been important, and better yet its reality pattern part of the key component on which their sociological paradigms are based. Evidently, capitalisms implication and likewise its effect on humanity is debatable, but its significance is unquestionably clear. Durkheim too, another of the academic theorist, had his outlook on the notion of capitalism. In detail he did not use the period capitalism, but rather, organic solidarity. (Wheelwright 1978) Overview Durkheim glimpsed the connection between the one-by-one and humanity as ? dynamic one. Society, he said, has ? communal truth of its own its not easily the addition total of the one-by-one and their actions. Beliefs, lesson ciphers and ways of portraying are passed from one lifetime to the next, and are discovered by new constituents of the society. The individuals activity is guarded by these wise patterns, which Durkheim calls social facts (Durkheim, 1984) Durkheim (1984) differentiated between two kinds of communal facts; material and non-material. His major aim was on non-material communal details, exemplified by heritage and communal organisation rather than material communal details, which encompasses bureaucracy and laws. In his soonest foremost works he concentrated on ? relative investigation of what held humanity simultaneously, in primitive and up to date situations (Durkheim, 1984). He resolved that previous societies were held simultaneously mainly by non-material communal details, expressly, ? powerfully held widespread ethics, or what he called powerful collective conscience. However, because of the complexities of up to date humanity, there had been ? down turn in the power of collective conscience (Ritzer, 1992). According to Durkheim, persons internalized the collective conscience; to the span it could be said, Society is present in the persons who furthermore came to recognize their dependence on humanity and identify that they have obligations to sustain the communal order. (Durkheim1984). Durkheim, though cognizant of confrontation and change in humanity, considered it could be managed. In his publication, The Division of Labour in Society, he investigates the consequences industrialization had on communal integration and its connections between the one-by-one and the assembly furthermore scheme integrations connection between the diverse components of the society. In this he recognised two principles of solidarity, similarity and difference. Depending on the superior values in humanity, it could be categorized as mechanical or organic. In mechanical societies, cohesion was founded on widespread or collective conscience, while organic societies are founded on integration of exceptional purposes and roles. (Leone 1978) According to Durkheim the penalty meted out to certain actions (e.g. criminals) shows the power of the collective conscience. In (Giddens, 1973) ? alike outlook is held, that is; repressive sanctions are clues of ? humanity with ? well-defined collective conscience and restitutive sanctions are more usual of organic kind societies. Durkheims consideration of solidarity and sanctions is one of his most influential works, his claim that there is no such thing as an inherently lawless individual act: as it is the communal reactions to the proceed, which characterises it as such, has been influential in criminology and the sociology of deviance to designated day (Giddens, 1973). Discussion Durkheim sees organic or up to date humanity as financial in environment, functioning interdependent inside the partition of labour. Under the force of community diversity and affray for scarce assets the structure of societies becomes more complicated and ? communal partition of work results. Old parts shatter down and new parts and flats are formed, some accomplishing rather distinct focused tasks. Durkheim recounts this humanity as organic as he compares it to organism. High grades of life outcome from the reality of focused flats or organs accomplishing distinct jobs or purposes, which assists to the survival of ? unit. Likewise these jobs assist to the general achievement of the scheme, (Durkheim, 1984). Durkheim (1984) said, when ? humanity alterations from mechanistic to organic, it has to change all its institutional arrangements to bypass confrontation and confusion. Ideally, peoples places become founded on natural gifts other than on inherited characteristics pertaining to family, belief and prestige. As humanity moves in the direction of meritocracy, regulatory bodies are formed to significantly coordinate members. People became inter-dependent because of the environment of focused work. ? mesh of solidarity arises out of this interdependence, and new set of standards arises, concentrated on the individual. (Wheelwright 1978) Durkheim admits that though each humanity make types of integrating undertaking needed for the grade of its partition of work, humanity might display difficulties of integration if its in transition. A convoluted up to date humanity, even in usual times, would display some propensity for breaks and social disasters due to convoluted and highly differentiated partition of work, need of guideline and the exterior of egoism. As such development was glimpsed as ? method of ever-increasing partition of work and institutional changes so as to double-check societys solidarity (Durkheim, 1984) According to Durkheim the annals of France is ? testimony that foremost communal change is conveyed about by political revolution. Class confrontation, he said, outcomes when the transitional stage between mechanical and organic solidarity has not been completed. (Koslowski 1996) Herbert Spencer the English Sociologist furthermore taken up organism, but in his sociology it coexisted awkwardly with ? utilitarian philosophy. Although his organism directed him to gaze at communal wholes and the assistance of components to the entire, his utilitarianism directed him to aim on self-seeking actors. Despite the thoughtful difficulties, Spencers organisms were influential in the development of Structural functionalism (Ritzer, 1992). All four of the foremost academic theorists sophisticated ? teleological viewpoint in their discussion of communal change. Although they held distinct outlooks on how capitalism began, each theorist had utilised alike groups of assumptions about worth agreement, integration and conflict. As proposed by Bottomore, they administered with capitalism as ? distinct pattern of humanity in which there are interrelations and interactions between the finances, political and other communal institution. Both Weber and Marx glimpsed capitalism as ? stepping stone to the supreme kind of humanity, while Durkheim and Spence glimpsed the capitalist humanity as the ultimate. (Went 2002) Perhaps the function of Marx, Weber and Durkheim as theorists of modernity is the mystery of their enduring influence. As Marx put it, in classically amazing periods exploitation veiled by devout and political illusions has exchanged nude, shameless direct brutal exploitations. Marx overhead all may be glimpsed as ? revolutionary, who different other theorists suggested ? way out, ? revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and ? socialist future (Weber, 1930). Durkheim interrogated about how it was likely for humanity to be held simultaneously and for persons not to be entangled in an anarchic free for all; granted the intensification of the partition of work inside up to date societies. Durkheims answer lay in ? kind of solidarity and ethics that bond persons simultaneously and types recognizable and scientifically observable communal world. (Leone 1978) Analysis Marxism assists us to realise humanity and the way in which persons inside humanity act and the reasoning behind this behaviour. Marx clarified how employers can exploit and alienate their workers; this is recounted in more minutias and is renowned as the work idea of value. Marx furthermore proceeds on to interpret how in an enterprise dropping rate of earnings can lead to an inescapable urgent position, revolutions can appear and then eventually premier to the socialist state. Marx furthermore proceeds on to interpret that if employees start to profit from more cash and gain more riches then he becomes poorer in standards and the more his output rises in power and variety of materialistic substances. One of Marxs sayings to support this idea was The employee becomes an ever lower product the more products he creates. (Koslowski 1996) Karl Marx was mostly disregarded by his scholars throughout his lifetime; although his ideas and ideologies came to exterior after his death throughout the work movement. Now his ideas considering capitalist finances, chronicled materialism, class labour and surplus are utilised as the cornerstone of the socialist doctrine. Therefore it can be said that Karl Marx by evolving Marxism has granted us ? much deeper comprehending of humanity and socialism. (Westra 2001) Marxism interprets how the most basic part in any humanity is the financial part of that society. It is due to the financial part of humanity that all the other parts the communal, heritage and political parts of humanity function. All of these parts are propelled by the financial relatives inside society. It displays how all societies should make their own means of subsistence and that the connections present here are of the utmost importance. The relatives between persons engaged in output and sustaining subsistence are the most basic inside ? society. Marxism recounts how these connections of output mention to the connections that human beings evolve and set up in alignment to persuade the financial means of ? society. It can be glimpsed now that, capital is the most significant component in todays society. Marx utilised the phrase Capitalism to recount this economic output system. (Leone 1978) Capital does not just mention to money. Modern day output methods engage buying into in items, services and persons this is furthermore mentioned to as the capital. Wealth is furthermore utilised in other ways than in the pre-capitalistic society. For demonstration, ? grower after having made for his own desires and that of his family will deal any of ? surpluses in alignment to purchase the products they could not produce. (Westra 2001) Which characteristics have held constant, and which been transformed Most of the riches conceived went to a little percentage of the community; it conceived an even larger split up between wealthy and poor. As markets were set free up they became more unstable. In the United Kingdom there was commotion in the economic markets which culminated in disintegrate of the bash on Black Wednesday in 1992. In USA too, the late 80s and early 90s were assessed by economic scandals which assisted to a full-scale slump. And what of capitalisms chronicled rival? The drop of the Berlin partition demonstrated the end of the freezing war. It shortly became clear that the persons of the previous Soviet Bloc liked the identical opening to develop riches and prosperity that we relish in the west. Communalism, it would appear, could not hang about the course either. However in capitalism what occurs is that this cash is bought into in alignment to make more cash, and to make ? profit. Capitalist persons will invest in products for example structures, devices and workers. For ? grower this may be ? buying into in ? manufacturer and new tools. The capitalists workers are furthermore taken into account as products simultaneously with the business. According to Marxism, the capitalist one-by-one will invest in those persons who will be of an advantage to him and will make ? profit. (Went 2002) These products are essential as they are the capitalists means of output which will finally supply ? means of matter for the society. Marxism interprets how; the employees are alienated because they are easily ? buying into on the part of the capitalist and are not glimpsed as one-by-one persons with their own insights and opinions. This assembly of workers are highly subject to exploitation to the fullest extent. (Koslowski 1996) This assembly of employees will make ? surplus worth that will be supplemented to the capitalists profits. It will be the earnings and not the desires of the one-by-one employees which will work out the products that are made as well as the kind in which persons will be engaged by the business. Only those will be engaged who will double-check greatest output and thus ? boost in profit. (Leone 1978) One of the ideas in Marxism was that the function of the state in ? capitalist humanity is to sustain the capitalist finances and to extend its reality by constantly re-establishing the capitalist relative of production. In alignment to do this the norms and standards of capitalist ideologies can be utilised in alignment to convince people. This in turn rises and sustains production. (Wheelwright 1978) The heritage, political and communal facets of humanity rest upon the financial base. Therefore it can be said that in ? capitalist humanity the state, heritage and communal organisations are furthermore considered as capitalist. (Koslowski 1996) Therefore Marxism interprets and it can be glimpsed that in ? capitalist humanity there will be two assemblies of persons with differing interests. The one-by-one who are engaged as employees or wage earners. The employees will desire to boost their salaries and will work harder at their occupations to double-check higher wages; the assembly of capitalists are the second assembly who will desire to boost profits. These two assemblies are engaged in ? class-conflict or class-struggle, whereas they both count on each other for the enterprise to run easily and double-check greatest production. (Went 2002) Conclusion Marxism emphasises how capitalism will lead to confrontation and would make growing misery for employees as affray for earnings directs capitalists to take up labour-saving mechanism and in effect conceiving an armed detachment of redundant or booked jobless workers. These employees would finally increase up and grab the means of output, thereby conceiving employees revolutions. Karl Marx went on to forecast that capitalism would be finally decimated by its own inherent contradictions and means of output, all of which would be self-inflicted. (Wheelwright 1978) Marx has assisted us to realise how we all reside in ? world which has been formed by the financial and communal forces he identified. Now his work has furthermore to ? large span the political forces of today all of which his work inspired. In my issue of outlook it is no exaggeration to state thatof all theorists of humanity Karl Marx is ? revolutionary and has profoundly affected and influenced all our lives. Our up to date political area reflects his ideologies and is under much of his influence. (Went 2002) For demonstration the Labour Party and the Conservative Party were both deeply influenced by the dispute of Marxist movements. It can be said that as the political countryside undergoes farther alterations, Marxism will indefinitely be conferred to help form humanity for the better. References Bottomore, Tom. (1988). Theories of Modern Capitalism. London, Boston: G. Allen Unwin. Collins, Randall. (Eds.). (1994). Four sociological traditions: selected readings. New York: Oxford University Press. Durkheim, Emile. (1984). The division of labor in society. New York: Free Press. Giddens, Anthony. (1973) Capitalism and modern social theory; an analysis of the writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber. Cambridge, England: University Press. Macionis, J., Plummer, Ken. (1998). Sociology. New York: Prentice Hall. McIntosh, Ian. (Eds.). (1997). Classical sociological theory: a reader. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. Ritzer, George. (1992). Contemporary sociological theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Stones, Rob. (Eds.). (1998). Key sociological thinkers. Hampshire: Macmillan Press. Taylor, Orville. (2003). IDEAZ. Kingston: Arawak Publishers Webber, Max. (1930). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of Capitalism. London: G. Allen Unwin Ltd. Koslowski, P. (1996). Ethics of Capitalism and Critique of Socio-biology. Berlin Springer Leone, B. (1978). Capitalism: opposing viewpoints. Minnesota: Greenhaven Press Inc. Wheelwright, E.L. (1978). Capitalism, Socialism or Barbarism? The Australian predicament. NSW: Australian and New Zealand book company Pty Ltd. Went, Robert. 2002-03. Globalization in the Perspective of Imperialism. Science Society, 66:4, 473-497. Westra, Richard. 2001. Phases of Capitalism and Post-Capitalist Social Change. Pp. 301-317 in Albritton, et al.

Love and Hate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Free Romeo and Juliet Essays

'Romeo and Juliet' is a play written by William Shakespeare. A prologue is included at the start of the play, which portrays the tragedy between 'star-cross'd lovers'. Elizabethans believed that their fate is in the stars and the prologue increases the anticipation as it shows the way they are destined. Shakespeare has also included devices to dramatise the themes of love and hate throughout the play. In Elizabethan times the audience were involved in the ongoing play. Shakespeare involves the audience in scenes such as the ballroom scene (Act 1, Scene 5.) In Act 1, Scene 5 Romeo enters an enemy?s ball where he and Juliet fall in love for the first time, which angers Tybalt. At the end of Act 1, Scene 4 the mood is foreboding as Romeo believes that things could go wrong at the ball which he was to intrude on. He shows his fear by saying: ?I fear to early, for my mind misgive some consequences yet hanging in the stars? Romeo shows his fear by saying ?fear too early?. This suggests that he believes something there was something not right which made him highly anxious. There is a use of dramatic irony as the audience already know that there was to be problems because of the prologue, which makes keeps the interest from the audience. Elizabethans believed that their fate and destiny is written in the stars. The phrase ?hanging in the stars? which Romeo commented to himself, implies his destiny is in the stars, and it also suggests that because it is in the stars then the Elizabethan audience know definitely that here are going to be ?consequences?. In the beginning of Act, Scene 5 the mood changes from worrying to joyful, as the guests begin to enter the ball which is held by Capulet who is welcoming them. The mood is uplifting because the party is ready to start. The joyful mood is shown when Capulet says: ?Welcome, Gentlemen! Ladies that have toes Unplagu?d with corns will walk a bout with you.? The mood has changed quite drastically from the end of Act 1, Scene 4 to Act 1, Scene 5. This is show by when Capulet is welcoming people to the ball, ?Welcome, Gentlemen!? His excitement showed through the exclamation mark, which suggests that Capulet is full of energy which would lift the spirits of anyone who was to enter. The quotation creates the image of people bustling in, smiling and ready for the party.

Digital library Essay

Digital library An electronic library (colloquially referred to as a digital library) is a library in which collections are stored in electronic media formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible via computers. [1] Wikipedia:VerifiabilityThe electronic content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. An electronic library is a type of information retrieval system. In the context of the DELOS [2], a Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries, and DL. org [3], a Coordination Action on Digital Library Interoperability, Best Practices and Modelling Foundations, Digital Library researchers and practitioners and software developer produced a Digital Library Reference Model[4][5] which defines a digital library as: â€Å"A potentially virtual organisation, that comprehensively collects, manages and preserves for the long depth of time rich digital content, and offers to its targeted user communities specialised functionality on that content, of defined quality and according to comprehensive codified policies. â€Å"[6] The first use of the term digital library in print may have been in a 1988 report to the Corporation for National Research Initiatives[7]Wikipedia:Verifiability The term digital libraries was first popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994. [8] These draw heavily on As We May Think by Vannevar Bush in 1945, which set out a vision not in terms of technology, but user experience. [9] The term virtual library was initially used interchangeably with digital library, but is now primarily used for libraries that are virtual in other senses (such as libraries which aggregate distributed content). A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e. g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections. For example, American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress. Some important digital libraries also serve as long term archives, such as arXiv and the Internet Archive. Others, such as the Digital Public Library of America, seek to make digital information widely accessible through public libraries. [10] Academic repositories Many academic libraries are actively involved in building institutional repositories of the institution’s books, papers, theses, and other works which can be digitized or were ‘born digital’. Many of these repositories are made available to the general public with few restrictions, in accordance with the goals of open access, in contrast to the publication of research in commercial journals, where the publishers often limit access rights. Institutional, truly free, and corporate repositories are sometimes referred to as digital libraries. Digital archives Physical archives differ from physical libraries in several ways. Traditionally, archives are defined as: 1. Containing primary sources of information (typically letters and papers directly produced by an individual or organization) rather than the secondary sources found in a library (books, periodicals, etc. ). 2. Having their contents organized in groups rather than individual items. 3. Having unique contents. The technology used to create digital libraries is even more revolutionary for archives since it breaks down the second and third of these general rules. In other words, â€Å"digital archives† or â€Å"online archives† will still generally contain primary sources, but they are likely to be described individually rather than (or in addition to) in groups or collections. Further, because they are digital their contents are easily reproducible and may indeed have been 1 Digital library reproduced from elsewhere. The Oxford Text Archive is generally considered to be the oldest digital archive of academic physical primary source materials. The future Large scale digitization projects are underway at Google, the Million Book Project, and Internet Archive. With continued improvements in book handling and presentation technologies such as optical character recognition and ebooks, and development of alternative depositories and business models, digital libraries are rapidly growing in popularity. Just as libraries have ventured into audio and video collections, so have digital libraries such as the Internet Archive. Google Books project recently received a court victory on proceeding with their book-scanning project that was halted by the Authors’ guild. This helped open the road for libraries to work with Google to better reach patrons who are accustomed to computerized information. One factor that gave Google an advantage is the librarie’s fair use argument. According to Larry Lannom, Director of Information Management Technology at the nonprofit Corporation should be for National Research Initiatives, â€Å"all the problems associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving. † He goes on to state, â€Å"If in 100 years people can still read your article, we’ll have solved the problem. † Daniel Akst, author of The Webster Chronicle, proposes that â€Å"the future of libraries — and of information — is digital. † Peter Lyman and Hal Varian, information scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, estimate that â€Å"the world’s total yearly production of print, film, optical, and magnetic content would require roughly 1. 5 billion gigabytes of storage. † Therefore, they believe that â€Å"soon it will be technologically possible for an average person to access virtually all recorded information. â€Å"[11] Searching Most digital libraries provide a search interface which allows resources to be found. These resources are typically deep web (or invisible web) resources since they frequently cannot be located by search engine crawlers. Some digital libraries create special pages or sitemaps to allow search engines to find all their resources. Digital libraries frequently use the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) to expose their metadata to other digital libraries, and search engines like Google Scholar, Yahoo! and Scirus can also use OAI-PMH to find these deep web resources. [12] There are two general strategies for searching a federation of digital libraries: 1. distributed searching, and 2. searching previously harvested metadata. Distributed searching typically involves a client sending multiple search requests in parallel to a number of servers in the federation. The results are gathered, duplicates are eliminated or clustered, and the remaining items are sorted and presented back to the client. Protocols like Z39. 50 are frequently used in distributed searching. A benefit to this approach is that the resource-intensive tasks of indexing and storage are left to the respective servers in the federation. A drawback to this approach is that the search mechanism is limited by the different indexing and ranking capabilities of each database, making it difficult to assemble a combined result consisting of the most relevant found items. Searching over previously harvested metadata involves searching a locally stored index of information that has previously been collected from the libraries in the federation. When a search is performed, the search mechanism does not need to make connections with the digital libraries it is searching – it already has a local representation of the information. This approach requires the creation of an indexing and harvesting mechanism which operates regularly, connecting to all the digital libraries and querying the whole collection in order to discover new and updated resources. OAI-PMH is frequently used by digital libraries for allowing metadata to be harvested. A benefit to this approach is that the search mechanism has full control over indexing and ranking algorithms, possibly 2 Digital library allowing more consistent results. A drawback is that harvesting and indexing systems are more resource-intensive and therefore expensive. Frameworks The formal reference models include the DELOS Digital Library Reference Model[13] and the Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, Societies (5S) formal framework. [14] The Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) provides a framework to address digital preservation. [15] Construction and organization See also Digital Collections Selection Criteria. Software There are a number of software packages for use in general digital libraries, for notable ones see Digital library software. Institutional repository software, which focuses primarily on ingest, preservation and access of locally produced documents, particularly locally produced academic outputs, can be found in Institutional repository software. This software may be proprietary, as is the case with the Library of Congress which uses Digiboard and CTS to manage digital content. Digitization In the past few years, procedures for digitizing books at high speed and comparatively low cost have improved considerably with the result that it is now possible to digitize millions of books per year. [16] Google book-scanning project [17] is also working with libraries to offer digitize books pushing forward on the digitize book realm. Advantages The advantages of digital libraries as a means of easily and rapidly accessing books, archives and images of various types are now widely recognized by commercial interests and public bodies alike. [18] Traditional libraries are limited by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain it. As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library can be much lower than that of a traditional library. A physical library must spend large sums of money paying for staff, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. Digital libraries may reduce or, in some instances, do away with these fees. Both types of library require cataloguing input to allow users to locate and retrieve material. Digital libraries may be more willing to adopt innovations in technology providing users with improvements in electronic and audio book technology as well as presenting new forms of communication such as wikis and blogs; conventional libraries may consider that providing online access to their OPAC catalogue is sufficient. An important advantage to digital conversion is increased accessibility to users. They also increase availability to individuals who may not be traditional patrons of a library, due to geographic location or organizational affiliation. †¢ No physical boundary. The user of a digital library need not to go to the library physically; people from all over the world can gain access to the same information, as long as an Internet connection is available. †¢ Round the clock availability A major advantage of digital libraries is that people can gain access 24/7 to the information. †¢ Multiple access. The same resources can be used simultaneously by a number of institutions and patrons. This may not be the case for copyrighted material: a library may have a license for â€Å"lending out† only one copy at a time; this is achieved with a system of digital rights management where a resource can become inaccessible after expiration of the lending period or after the lender chooses to make it inaccessible (equivalent to returning the 3 Digital library †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ resource). Information retrieval. The user is able to use any search term (word, phrase, title, name, subject) to search the entire collection. Digital libraries can provide very user-friendly interfaces, giving clickable access to its resources. Preservation and conservation. Digitization is not a long-term preservation solution for physical collections, but does succeed in providing access copies for materials that would otherwise fall to degradation from repeated use. Digitized collections and born-digital objects pose many preservation and conservation concerns that analog materials do not. Please see the following â€Å"Problems† section of this page for examples. Space. Whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage space, digital libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain them and media storage technologies are more affordable than ever before. Added value. Certain characteristics of objects, primarily the quality of images, may be improved. Digitization can enhance legibility and remove visible flaws such as stains and discoloration. [19] Easily accessible. Challenges Digital preservation. Digital preservation aims to ensure that digital media and information systems are still interpretable into the indefinite future. Each necessary component of this must be migrated, preserved or emulated. [20] Typically lower levels of systems (floppy disks for example) are emulated, bit-streams (the actual files stored in the disks) are preserved and operating systems are emulated as a virtual machine. Only where the meaning and content of digital media and information systems are well understood is migration possible, as is the case for office documents. [21][22] However, at least one organization, the WiderNet Project, has created an offline digital library, the eGranary, by reproducing materials on a 4 TB hard drive. Instead of a bit-stream environment, the digital library contains a built-in proxy server and search engine so the digital materials can be accessed using an Internet browser. Also, the materials are not preserved for the future. The eGranary is intended for use in places or situations where Internet connectivity is very slow, non-existent, unreliable, unsuitable or too expensive. Copyright and licensing Digital libraries are hampered by copyright law because, unlike with traditional printed works, the laws of digital copyright are still being formed. The republication of material on the web by libraries may require permission from rights holders, and there is a conflict of interest between libraries and the publishers who may wish to create online versions of their acquired content for commercial purposes. In 2010, it was estimated that twenty-three percent of books in existence were created before 1923 and thus out of copyright. Of those printed after this date, only five percent were still in print as of 2010. Thus, approximately seventy-two percent of books were not available to the public. [23] There is a dilution of responsibility that occurs as a result of the distributed nature of digital resources. Complex intellectual property matters may become involved since digital material is not always owned by a library. [24] The content is, in many cases, public domain or self-generated content only. Some digital libraries, such as Project Gutenberg, work to digitize out-of-copyright works and make them freely available to the public. An estimate of the number of distinct books still existent in library catalogues from 2000 BC to 1960, has been made. [25] The Fair Use Provisions (17 USC  § 107) under the Copyright Act of 1976 provide specific guidelines under which circumstances libraries are allowed to copy digital resources. Four factors that constitute fair use are â€Å"Purpose of the use, Nature of the work, Amount or substantiality used and Market impact. â€Å"[26] 4 Digital library Some digital libraries acquire a license to lend their resources. This may involve the restriction of lending out only one copy at a time for each  license, and applying a system of digital rights management for this purpose (see also above). The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 was an act created in the United States to attempt to deal with the introduction of digital works. This Act incorporates two treaties from the year 1996. It criminalizes the attempt to circumvent measures which limit access to copyrighted materials. It also criminalizes the act of attempting to circumvent access control. [27] This act provides an exemption for nonprofit libraries and archives which allows up to three copies to be made, one of which may be digital. This may not be made public or distributed on the web, however. Further, it allows libraries and archives to copy a work if its format becomes obsolete. [28] Copyright issues persist. As such, proposals have been put forward suggesting that digital libraries be exempt from copyright law. Although this would be very beneficial to the public, it may have a negative economic effect and authors may be less inclined to create new works. [29] Another issue that complicates matters is the desire of some publishing houses to restrict the use of digit materials such as e-books purchased by libraries. Whereas with printed books, the library owns the book until it can no longer be circulated, publishers want to limit the number of times an e-book can be checked out before the library would need to repurchase that book. â€Å"[HarperCollins] began licensing use of each e-book copy for a maximum of 26 loans. This affects only the most popular titles and has no practical effect on others. After the limit is reached, the library can repurchase access rights at a lower cost than the original price. † [30] While from a publishing perspective, this sounds like a good balance of library lending and protecting themselves from a feared decrease in book sales, libraries are not set up to monitor their collections as such. They acknowledge the increased demand of digital materials available to patrons and the desire of a digital library to become expanded to include best sellers, but publisher licensing may hinder the process†¦ Metadata creation In traditional libraries, the ability to find works of interest is directly related to how well they were cataloged. While cataloging electronic works digitized from a library’s existing holding may be as simple as copying or moving a record from the print to the electronic form, complex and born-digital works require substantially more effort. To handle the growing volume of electronic publications, new tools and technologies have to be designed to allow effective automated semantic classification and searching. While full text search can be used for some items, there are many common catalog searches which cannot be performed using full text, including: †¢ finding texts which are translations of other texts. †¢ linking texts published under pseudonyms to the real authors (Samuel Clemens and Mark Twain, for example) †¢ differentiating non-fiction from parody (The Onion from The New York Times, for example). References [1] Greenstein, Daniel I. , Thorin, Suzanne Elizabeth. The Digital Library: A Biography (http:/ / www. clir. org/ PUBS/ reports/ pub109/ pub109. pdf). Digital Library Federation (2002) ISBN 1-933645-18-0. Accessed June 25, 2007. [2] http:/ / www. delos. info [3] http:/ / www. dlorg. eu [4] L. Candela, G. Athanasopoulos, D. Castelli, K. El Raheb, P. Innocenti, Y. Ioannidis, A. Katifori, A. Nika, G. Vullo, S. Ross: The Digital Library Reference Model. April 2011 ( PDF (http:/ / bscw. research-infrastructures. eu/ pub/ bscw. cgi/ d222816/ D3. 2b Digital Library Reference Model. pdf)) [5] L. Candela et al. : The DELOS Digital Library Reference Model – Foundations for Digital Libraries. Version 0. 98, February 2008 ( PDF (http:/ / www. delos. info/ files/ pdf/ ReferenceModel/ DELOS_DLReferenceModel_0. 98. pdf)) [6] L. Candela, G. Athanasopoulos, D. Castelli, K. El Raheb, P. Innocenti, Y. Ioannidis, A. Katifori, A. Nika, G. Vullo, S. Ross: The Digital Library Reference Model. April 2011, 17. ( PDF (http:/ / bscw. research-infrastructures. eu/ pub/ bscw. cgi/ d222816/ D3. 2b Digital Library Reference Model. pdf)) 5 Digital library [7] Kahn, R. E. , & Cerf, V. G. (1988). The Digital Library Project Volume I: The World of Knowbots, (DRAFT): An Open Architecture For a Digital Library System and a Plan For Its Development (http:/ / hdl. handle. net/ 4263537/ 2091). Reston, VA: Corporation for National Research Initiatives. [8] Edward A. Fox. The Digital Libraries Initiative – Update and Discussion. (http:/ / www.asis. org/ Bulletin/ Oct-99/ fox. html), Bulletin of the America Society of Information Science, Vol. 26, No 1, October/November 1999. [9] Candela, L. ; Castelli, D. & Pagano, History, Evolution and Impact of Digital Libraries (http:/ / www. igi-global. com/ viewtitle. aspx? titleid=47467& sender=4dcefe4d-ef33-4836-8eea-f02af2cc374d). In P. Iglezakis, I. ; Synodinou, T. & Kapidakis, S. (ed. ) E-Publishing and Digital Libraries: Legal and Organizational Issues, IGI Global, 2011, 1- 30 [10] Yi, Esther, Inside the Quest to Put the World’s Libraries Online (http:/ / www. theatlantic. com/ entertainment/ archive/ 2012/ 07/ inside-the-quest-to-put-the-worlds-libraries-online/ 259967/ ), The Atlantic, July 26, 2012. [11] Akst, D. (2003). The Digital Library: Its Future Has Arrived. Carnegie Reporter, 2(3), 4-8. [12] Koehler, AEC. Some Thoughts on the Meaning of Open Access for University Library Technical Services Serials Review Vol. 32, 1, 2006, p. 17 [13] Agosti, M. , Candela, L. , Castelli, D. , Ferro, N. , Ioannidis, Y. , Koutrika, G. , Meghini, C. , Pagano, P. , Ross, S. , Schek, H. -J. , & Schuldt, H. (2006). A Reference Model for DLMSs Interim Report. In L. Candela, & D. Castelli (Eds. ), Deliverable D1. 4. 2 – Reference Model for Digital Library Management Systems [Draft 1]. DELOS, A Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries — IST-2002-2. 3. 1. 12, Technology-enhanced Learning and Access to Cultural Heritage. Online at: http:/ / 146. 48. 87. 122:8003/ OLP/ Repository/ 1. 0/ Disseminate/ delos/ 2006_WP1_D142/ content/ pdf? version=1 [14] Goncalves, M. A. , Fox, E. A. , Watson, L. T. , & Kipp, N. A. (2004). Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, Societies (5S): A Formal Model for Digital Libraries. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS),22 (2), 270-312. [15] â€Å"The DSpace team recognized the value of the OAIS framework and recast the repository’s architecture to accommodate this archival framework† [16] Committee on Institutional Cooperation: Partnership announced between CIC and Google (http:/ / www. cic. uiuc. edu/ programs/ CenterForLibraryInitiatives/ Archive/ PressRelease/ LibraryDigitization/ index. shtml), 6 June 2007, Retrieved 7. [17] http:/ / www. google. com/ googlebooks/ library. html [18] European Commission steps up efforts to put Europe’s memory (http:/ / europa. eu/ rapid/ pressReleasesAction. do? reference=IP/ 06/ 253& type=HTML& aged=0& language=EN& guiLanguage=en) on the Web via a â€Å"European Digital Library† Europa press release, 2 March 2006 [19] Gertz, Janet. â€Å"Selection for Preservation in the Digital Age. † Library Resources & Technical Services. 44(2) (2000):97-104. [20] Cain, Mark. â€Å"Managing Technology: Being a Library of Record in a Digital Age†, Journal of Academic Librarianship 29:6 (2003). [21] Breeding, Marshall. â€Å"Preserving Digital Information. †. Information Today 19:5 (2002). [22] Teper, Thomas H. â€Å"Where Next? Long-Term Considerations for Digital Initiatives. † Kentucky Libraries 65(2)(2001):12-18. [23] Van Le, Christopher, â€Å"Opening the Doors to Digital Libraries: A Proposal to Exempt Digital Libraries From the Copyright Act,† Case Western Reserve Journal of Law, Technology & The Internet, 1. 2 (Spring 2010),135. [24] Pymm, Bob. â€Å"Building Collections for All Time: The Issue of Significance. † Australian Academic & Research Libraries. 37(1) (2006):61-73. [25] Antique Books (http:/ / www. antiquebooks. net/ datatop. html) [26] Hirtle, Peter B. , â€Å"Digital Preservation and Copyright,† (http:/ / fairuse. stanford. edu/ commentary_and_analysis/ 2003_11_hirtle. html) Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved October 24, 2011. [27] United States Copyright Office, â€Å"The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 – U. S. Copyright Office Summary† (http:/ / www. copyright. gov/ legislation/ dmca. pdf) 1998, 2. [28] United States Copyright Office, â€Å"The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 – U. S. Copyright Office Summary† (http:/ / www. copyright. gov/ legislation/ dmca. pdf) 1998, 15. [29] Van Le, Christopher, â€Å"Opening the Doors to Digital Libraries: A Proposal to Exempt Digital Libraries From the Copyright Act,† Case Western Reserve Journal of Law, Technology & The Internet, 1. 2 (Spring 2010),145. [30] STROSS, RANDALL. â€Å"For Libraries and Publishers, an E-Book Tug of War – NYTimes. com. † The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 Mar. 2013. 6 Digital library External links †¢ CNRI-DARPA: D-Lib Magazine (http://www. dlib. org/) Electronic publication that primarily focuses on digital library research and development †¢ http://www. librittio. com – World’s Most Advanced Professional Digital Library System †¢ / Democratization of Literature:The Rise of the Digital Libraries on the Internet (http://www. reflectionedu.com/ attachments/File/Barnolipi/EngT_8_11. pdf) by Tarun Tapas Mukherjee]. From BARNOLIPI: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Volume I, Issue II, 2011. [http://fbc. pionier. net. pl/ Search Engine of Free Resources, available online in Polish Digital Libraries (http://www. barnolipi. com/) Conferences †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ TPDL (http://www. tpdl. eu/) – International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries ECDL (http://ecdlconference. isti. cnr. it/) – European Conference on Digital Libraries ICADL (http://www. icadl. org/) – International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries JCDL (http://www. jcdl. org/) – ACM and IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries ICSD (http://www. icsd-conference. org/) – International Conference for Digital Libraries and the Semantic Web 7 Article Sources and Contributors Article Sources and Contributors Digital library Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? oldid=570781509 Contributors: — April, 24fan24, 2A00:1620:C0:50:C8B0:1C9B:27C1:7990, A. B. , Aap3030, Aarontay, Abdullah Albluchi, Acc60, Adoniscik, Afl2784, Aladin p, Alain Caraco, Alaniaris, Alexius08, Alf7e, Andrejj, Andy Dingley, Andyjsmith, Aragor, Arctic Kangaroo, Artdhtml, Ashenfelder, Ata, Ata.rehman, Azpayel, BadBull, Badan barman, Baileycw, Beetstra. BlindWanderer, Bob103051, Bomzhik, Bonadea, Bujar, Buridan, CVCE, Candela, Catfoo, Cej10, Ceyockey, Charivari, Chhotu372, Choukimath, Coldmachine, CommonsDelinker, Conversion script, Creationlaw, Curious1i, CutOffTies, Cwconservation, DGG, DaGizza, DabMachine, Dalf, Danny lost, Dawnseeker2000, DebbieWiLS, Deborah-jl, Denverjeffrey, Diglibs, Disavian, Djstasiewski, Dlkwiki, Dthomsen8, Dylan furnas, Eanc, Eilthireach, Enduser, Epbr123, Erianna, Evil saltine, Fatalityonline, Feedmecereal, Femto, Filterking. 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Cooperi, Lysy, MBisanz, MK8, Maristella. agosti, Marselan, Martinlc, Masgatotkaca, Materialscientist, Mboverload, Mcanabalb, Mean as custard, Mets501, Mica Gomes, Michael Hardy, Mike. lifeguard, Missenc, Mmj, Mogh, Morbusgravis, Mordsan, MrOllie, Mseem, Mwisotzky, Mxn, Mairtin, Ncschistory, Nealmcb, NeilN, Neilc, Neo3DGfx, Nigholith, Night eule, Noisy, NorwalkJames, Notinasnaid, Nurg, OSU1980, Oicumayberight, OlEnglish, Olexandr Kravchuk, Olgerd, Omegatron, Pamplemousse, Patrick, PeepP, Phauly, Pinethicket, Pinkadelica, Poindexter Propellerhead, Poor Yorick, Prajapati Reena, Ps07swt, Ptgraham, Puckly, Padraic MacUidhir, Quadell, RJBurkhart3, Racheltaketa, Raghith, Rajankila, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ). Rickprelinger, Rlitwin, Robert Thibadeau, Rozek19, Russell Square, SRHMGSLP, Sander Sade, Sandox, Sayeedmd, Senu, Sfiga, Shanes, Shyamal, SimonP, Skomorokh, Skysmith, Smmurphy, Spdegabrielle, Stbalbach, Stephen Burnett, Stephen Gilbert, Stevertigo, Strabon, StradivariusTV, Stuartyeates, Supersion, Svchameli, TWWhiting, TakuyaMurata, Targi, Tentinator, The Anome, The Evil Spartan, TheNewPhobia, Thebt, Thingg, Timeshifter. Tl246, Tlearn, Trapow, Travczyk, Treemonster19, Tregoweth, Trek011, Ttm1974, User A1, Utcursch, Vamshi 12345, Vanprooi, Vector Potential, Vicky877, Victorlamp, Viriditas, Volphy, WJetChao, Wavelength, Wayland, Wikiborg, Wmahan, Wya, YVSREDDY, Yerpo, Yosri, Zack wadghiri, Zundark, Zzuuzz, 302 anonymous edits License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. 0 //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3. 0/ 8.